Federal immigration officials are out of control, and America’s third branch of government needs to rein in the gross abuse of power on display in Colorado and across the nation.

Gregory Davies, a high-level federal official overseeing deportation arrests in Colorado, told a judge last month that Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials did not have a warrant to arrest Fernando Jaramillo-Solano. But the agents arrested Jaramillo-Solano anyway after mistakenly pulling the Durango man over while he was on his way to drop off his 12-year-old and 15-year-old children at school. ICE officials detained all three, and they spent weeks in Durango before they were shipped to Dilley, Texas.

This is no simple mistake that is easily rectified.

ICE is causing real harm to contributing members of our community  — teachers, nurses, mothers and fathers. And children are traumatized in the wake of these unjustified detainments.

President Donald Trump has upended the mission at ICE, a part of Homeland Security that was once dedicated to keeping Americans safe by deporting criminals. The president has said he plans to deport the more than 13 million people who live in the United States without legal immigration status, regardless of whether they have committed other crimes. But he has gone farther than that, and his agents are now detaining people who do have legal status. The intent is clear — push out immigrants even who are doing everything right.

Trump’s intent is that the people his agents wrongfully detain will either self-deport becasue conditions are so poor in the federal facilities or that if a judge orders their release, they will be silenced by their fear of reprisal, after all, they were detained once; who can protect these individuals from being detained again?

But Trump has calculated wrong. These brave victims of Trump’s mass deportation policy are speaking out, and have filed a lawsuit together to try and prevent ICE from terrorizing people.

Caroline Dias Goncalves, the 19-year-old college student who was detained in Grand Junction and held for almost three weeks in a detention center in Aurora because a sheriff’s deputy thought her perfect English was broken by an accent, testified that her detainment has dramatically affected her life.

She lost her driver’s license, moved back home and has reduced her course load at the University of Utah.

To Davies she might be “collateral” damage, but to us she is an injured kid trying to rebuild her life. Her arrest was completely unnecessary and likely illegal. If people like Davies don’t step up to make sure that ICE agents are doing their jobs – targeting and arresting criminals for deportation – then who will?

The answer of course is that the judicial branch must act as a strong check on the abuses of the executive branch.

Trump’s immigration enforcement squad cannot just smash and grab Coloradans because they suspect someone might be here illegally. And if these agents do, there must be legal consequences for them and their bosses, no matter how high the orders have come from.

Gonclaves was lucky. She was released.

Jaramillo-Solano and his children are still detained in Texas with no end to their nightmare in sight, despite the fact that a federal official just testified to a judge that their arrest was a mistake.

Meanwhile, a Douglas County teacher who was detained with her family by ICE under similarly questionable circumstances is also in the same Texas facility.

Marina Ortiz, who teaches fifth grade at the Global Village Academy, went for a routine check-in with ICE officials and she and her family never came home. The principal of the school says that Ortiz had work authorization to work legally in the United States. She said the school is working with immigration attorneys to see if Ortiz can be released from detention.

The sad truth is that unless the courts step up, these abuses will likely continue, and thousands of people like Ortiz and Jaramillo-Solano will never get home.

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Under no circumstances should the City of Denver bail out the bad investments made into risky bonds at the old Gates Rubber Co. redevelopment site.

The land at South Broadway and Interstate 25 could soon become a soccer stadium for Denver’s new women’s team, but those plans could leave investors who banked on getting repaid by property tax revenue high and dry because the city will buy the land from the former developer, rendering property taxes on a big chunk of the land zero.

Joe Landen, the managing director of a Denver-based investment firm, said in an interview with BusinessDen reporter Justin Wingerter, that it will “be remembered” if the city allows the bond investments to fail at the old Gates site, which is formally known as the Broadway Station Metropolitan District. We can only hope so.

Landen tried to equate the investment his firm made into the project to investments in municipal bonds. The difference between the two is laughable. The municipal bonds Denver will sell if voters approve a billion-dollar bond issue in Tuesday’s election are backed by the city, a major metropolitan city already fully developed and rated AAA quality by all three major bond rating agencies.

The bonds Landen’s firm invested in were issued by a developer who was given taxing authority through a metropolitan district and the promise of lucrative tax breaks through the city’s redevelopment authority. The bet investors made was not on whether Denver would succeed, but on whether the developer controlling the quasi-governmental authority, the bond money and the tax rates was trustworthy. In the case of the Gates Factory, the plans for redevelopment failed spectacularly, but not before the developer spent millions of dollars from investors on infrastructure and remediation.

Our response to Landen’s plea now for a bailout from the City of Denver is simple — absolutely not.

Metropolitan district bonds are extremely risky, and the investors in the Broadway Station metropolitan district should be used to set an example for the entire state. These bonds are nowhere close to the secure investment of city bonds, and investors should be very wary of entering into these deals with developers.

So yes, Landen, we hope you and other investors have a very long memory and that you tell all your friends in the bond market industry the risks of investing in metro districts. Perhaps the drying up of the bond market will be enough to save future taxpayers from the rampant abuse at the hands of many developers.

We can think of several housing projects going on right now in the metro area that could teeter and fail with an economic downturn and a housing crisis — including Sterling Ranch and Aurora Highlands. The bondholders whom developers convinced to invest in their property taxation scheme will be the ones left on the hook, instead of the developer, who can walk away from the project with very little personal investment in the infrastructure.

We’ve wondered for years how long it would take for investors to realize that these bonds are not safe-secure municipal bonds guaranteed by city officials. Mayor Mike Johnston has an opportunity here to let the harsh reality of developer-granted taxing authority hit investors hard in the face, and he shouldn’t hesitate to take it.

Colorado’s local elected officials have, for decades, ignored warnings that giving developers unlimited taxation authority and allowing them to market their bonds as tax-assured investments similar to a municipal bond is a looming financial disaster on par with the Big Short of 2008. Instead, elected officials have handed taxing authority to every developer who asks, with few restrictions or protections for investors or future taxpayers. Denver is preparing to do it again with the Denver Broncos stadium redevelopment plan for Burnham Yard.

Now, it appears the only solution to the problem is for investors to stop putting their money in these schemes because they fear a default on the bonds.

We applaud Mayor Mike Johnston for refusing to bail out the developer of the old Gates Rubber Factory and the investors who treated a risky project led by a developer like a safe municipal bond.

We tried but couldn’t muster much sympathy for Landen and the others who knowingly gambled on the Gates Rubber Factory redevelopment, putting their faith in metropolitan districts.

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Nebraska understandably wants to finally tap into a water right it has held on the South Platte River for almost a century.

Coloradans understandably are worried the plan will cut into the amount of water they can pull during the winter to save up for their crops in the spring.

Now the matter will go to the U.S. Supreme Court to decide whether Colorado officials have violated the long-standing water-sharing compact for the South Platte River or whether Nebraska’s complaint is much ado about hoping to evade actually having to construct a billion-dollar canal to claim their water.

Fortunately, the 1923 South Platte River compact is abundantly clear and written in language that is difficult to interpret any other way. And also, fortunately, farmers relying on the South Platte River were not born yesterday.

Nebraska can build a canal that begins south of Ovid and travels east through Colorado to Perkins County to pull water during the winter months — roughly October to April — to store water to be used by Nebraska farmers during the spring growing season.

The canal — after taking into consideration upstream and downstream senior water rights — can take 500 cubic feet of water per second from the flow of the lower section of the South Platte during the winter.

So, Nebraska is entitled to the water, clearly, but only if it builds a canal.

And that is, of course, the rub.

Building a canal is going to be expensive. Nebraska lawmakers appropriated $628 million to get the project started.

But the state found landowners in Colorado unwilling to sell. An obvious development given that the canal could limit how much water the very farmers who own the land could pull from the river during the winter to store for spring.

Would you sell cheap?

Nebraska is expressly guaranteed the right to use eminent domain — the government’s power to take land against the owner’s will — to purchase land or egress for the canal. But the problem is land in Colorado is not cheap, and Colorado law demands that when eminent domain is used, a person is not only compensated for fair market value but also gets damages for the taking.

For example, a new interstate running next to a house is going to dramatically devalue that property. Colorado law requires a city or state to compensate the individual for the property taken, but also for the damages to their house. Could landowners convince a court that the taking of their land for a canal also included the taking of water from the river that they otherwise could use for crops? Maybe.

Notifying Colorado landowners of their rights and helping them organize to protect their own interests is most certainly not interfering unlawfully with Nebraska’s plan. Nebraska’s attorney general included this quote from Colorado Attorney General Phil Weiser:

“We don’t believe there’s ever been a case in American history where one state has sought to exercise the power of eminent domain in another state. That is going to raise some significant legal issues. We are preparing for them. We’re prepared to engage on the ground to let people know what rights they have.”

That quote only proves that Weiser is doing his job protecting Coloradans and informing them of their legal rights.

Nebraska may need to bring a lot more money to the project than was originally proposed, but that is not Colorado’s fault.

As for the other claim in Nebraska’s lawsuit, that Colorado has routinely been violating the compact by not sending enough water downriver during the irrigation system, we are skeptical. The initial claim from Nebraska was scant on details about how much water is being shorted to Nebraska users.

Colorado’s response, filed this week by Gov. Jared Polis and Attorney General Phil Weiser, makes it abundantly clear that the state takes meeting the compact’s obligations seriously.

“Nebraska itself has not concluded whether Colorado is impermissibly reducing flows during the irrigation season, and there are other forums to explore Nebraska’s speculation on the efficacy of Colorado’s augmentation plans,” the state’s Supreme Court brief reads.

That is, if Colorado’s plan to offset or “augment” the negative impacts of pervasive groundwater pumping along the South Platte River is failing to deliver the required water downstream, the state is happy to address it, but first, Nebraska must bring evidence and bring it to the water managers in charge of enforcing the state’s prior appropriations system.

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Matthew Silverstone, at the young age of 18, has sacrificed more for Colorado than most can imagine.

The teen first warned his fellow students at Evergreen High School that there was a shooter on campus, then he confronted the shooter on the street outside the high school. Silverstone was shot twice.

He spent a month in a Lakewood hospital fighting for his life and then recovering from the wounds that almost killed him. He was released from the hospital Tuesday in what his family called a miracle, and we call a blessing.

“Matthew has never given up. He can now speak. In fact, he is happy to tell you, ‘I’m still alive!’ He can walk with assistance,” his family said in a news release. “His friends will tell you his sense of humor is back. He has exceeded everyone’s expectations in his recovery.”

Silverstone was both brave and selfless on Sept. 10, and it sounds like he continues to shine through his recovery, giving everyone hope in these dark times.

Silverstone is not alone in his distinction as a true Colorado hero.

Another student who was shot at Evergreen High School last month confronted the shooter. At the age of 14, the victim’s family has understandably chosen to remain anonymous and keep out of the public eye. We wish to respect their privacy while also highlighting the incredible act.

Both students remind us of Kendrick Castillo, who was killed defending his classmates inside a Highlands Ranch school in 2019. Castillo was joined by other classmates — Brendan Bialy and Joshua Jones — as they lunged at a shooter, saving others. Bialy was not hurt, but Jones was shot twice.

We are torn between celebrating these incredible acts and crying for the state of our country. Mass shootings have been occurring in Colorado schools since the 1999 Columbine High School massacre. How is it that students are still the ones confronting these assailants and not our trained adult professionals in law enforcement? Every school in this state needs an armed officer on campus at all times.

We should not be asking our kids to save themselves. More must be done to protect students who attend school hoping to grow and learn, and far too often in the past decade have found themselves trying to survive the horrors of mass shootings and the trauma that follows.

Nine minutes passed between when the shooting began inside Evergreen High School and when Silverstone was shot at the corner of Buffalo Park Road and Olive Road at the far end of the high school’s campus. Having an officer on the campus could have resulted in a different outcome.

Expressing gratitude to these kids for their acts of heroism is not enough. We can name a street for Silverstone (and should, just as we created Castillo Way). We can cry for their pain and suffering, and rejoice at their perseverance and determination.

But adults in Colorado must now act to ensure that no other child in this state is forced to fight an armed assailant for their lives and the lives of their friends and teachers.

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Updated 2:10 p.m. Oct. 17, 2025: Due to an editor’s error, this article previously misreported details about the shooting of Matthew Silverstone. 

Arizona and California’s chief water negotiators are coming for Colorado in a blistering public pressure campaign aimed at getting upper basin states to capitulate.

In an interview with the L.A. Times, the negotiator for California accused the upper basin states of Wyoming, Colorado, Utah and New Mexico of clinging to “their most aggressive and rigid dreamland legal positions.”

In an op-ed for The Denver Post, Arizona’s negotiator suggested failing to come to the table with cuts could “let slip the dogs of war.”

This over-the-top hyperbole from both men illustrates just how poorly conversations to save the Colorado River are going behind closed doors. The federal government has given the seven states that rely on the Colorado River a deadline of Nov. 11 to commit to a general compromise on water use. Obviously, a consensus agreement would be far better than the Trump administration’s Department of Natural Resources implementing its own plan.

But when it comes to protecting Colorado’s interests, we will fire back with our own hyperbole — almost everyone is hurting from water restrictions during what has been deemed a “mega drought.” California and Arizona are overdue to share in that pain.

“When you see years that are like 2020 to 2021 where (Colorado) took an over 1 million acre foot reduction, that’s not a compensated reduction. No one delivered a check and kudos,” Rebecca Mitchell, Colorado River Commissioner and our state’s negotiator, told The Denver Post editorial board in an interview this week. “We did them because Mother Nature demanded them … Part of the issue is that no shortages were taken in the lower basin until 2022; meanwhile, during the period of these guidelines, we take shortages all the time.”

Some things are non-negotiable as the states work to divvy up the water that flows down the Colorado River every year. For example, Native American tribes should face smaller cuts than other users. The U.S. government forced indigenous peoples onto often inhospitable tracts of land, and now we must make good on promised water rights and water delivery. Tribal nations must be protected. In Arizona, almost half of the water flowing through the Central Arizona Project canal goes to Native American Tribes, meaning that Phoenix and its suburbs are going to face the lion’s share of the state’s cuts.

The other non-negotiable is that Colorado will not further curtail its use of the Colorado River without major concessions from California and Arizona.

Colorado’s water use is based on a prior appropriations system, which means that every year, some junior water rights holders do not get their full allotment because there isn’t enough snowpack. Lower basin states, meanwhile, have failed to adjust their use to compensate for the drought, draining the reserves in Lake Powell and Lake Mead. The upper basin states use less water than what is allotted to them in the compact, while the lower basin states use more.

We fear that for too long, water managers up and down the river have been reluctant to implement the extreme measures needed. Because the harsh truth is that municipalities can only do so much. The vast majority of the water drawn from the Colorado River goes to agriculture and commercial interests, especially golf courses, industrial and data centers, oil and gas operations, and the Imperial Valley in California. These users are the ones who will be hit the hardest by coming reductions.

Denver Water users (who get most of their drinking water from snow melt that otherwise would flow into the Colorado River) have curtailed our use by 36% since 2000 despite a boom in population growth. Today, Denver Water users consume an average of 119 gallons per capita per day. Southern California’s Metropolitan Water District customers, which serves Los Angeles, use an average of 114 gallons per capita per day.

In Phoenix, residential users consume about 92 gallons per capita per day. In Las Vegas, the water use is 89 gallons per person per day, and a substantial amount of the city’s water is recycled, meaning it doesn’t come from the Colorado River.

While LA and Denver receive similar amounts of rainfall every year, Phoenix and Las Vegas are two of the driest cities in the country. If they can reduce their use so low, so can every other city in this nation.

Deserts like Phoenix and St. George, where less than an inch of rain falls every year and the high temperatures in summer often top 110 degrees, may have to follow Las Vegas and put a moratorium on golf courses unless they find a sustainable water alternative. And no, groundwater is not sustainable.

Farmers in the Imperial Valley, who faced cuts beginning in 2020 that led to some fields being left fallow, will have to reconsider their crops, invest in water-saving irrigation systems, and possibly reduce their yield. Everyone will pay for these changes at the grocery store, whether it is the increased price of meat as the price of alfalfa hay skyrockets, or the increased price of water-hungry produce like almonds and pistachios.

A compromise between states rather than a unilateral decision by the Department of the Interior, followed by a protracted legal battle, will reduce how drastic cuts are. Using less water today could start the recharge of Lake Mead and Lake Powell, both of which are nearing dead pool status and are around 30% full.

Coloradans have always been ready to do our part to save the river, but we will not further cut our use to support reckless downstream users.

Everyone can pull together — municipalities preventing unsustainable growth and development, aesthetic or non-functional turf grass must be strictly limited and our agricultural communities must be supported as they transition to water efficient irrigation systems and less water-intensive crops.

This is an emergency, and Colorado’s water negotiators are right to stand firm defending Colorado.

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Regardless of the ethics board’s “technical” conclusion this week, Denver residents know that it is unethical for a public employee to spend $19,200 on a ticket to Spain and back to Denver even if it is for an important work-related conference.

Denver International Airport’s CEO Phil Washington was wrong to allow himself and eight other executives to fly to Madrid in first-class and business class seats that cost an average of $12,000 per person. The final cost of the travel was $108,989, enough to hire another mid-level employee to help run one of the world’s busiest airports.

We found first-class tickets directly to Spain in April of this year for around $7,000. Yes, ticket prices fluctuate, but if prices are at a record peak, the not-too-difficult decision must be made to fly coach, or to add in a layover, or to skip this year’s annual conference. We would expect our leaders at DIA to at least know how to book travel at a reasonable price.

When does expensive travel cross over from a bad business decision to an ethical lapse?

For example, it is not unethical for the owner of a private and prosperous company to spend $15,000 from the business coffers to book “The Residence” on Etihad Airlines.

If a business, however, is about to declare bankruptcy and owes debts that need to be paid, it would be highly unethical for the CEO to pay the roughly $8,700 to fly La Première, what is described as a “private suite” on Air France from Denver to Paris this month, using what essentially is other people’s money at that point.

And for employees of a public entity – like the Denver International Airport – there is a higher standard, an expectation of frugality.

Denver airport officials’ salaries are paid for by fees and taxes on airlines, which are passed directly or indirectly on to the ticket prices for passengers. The more efficient operations at DIA are, the lower the fees on airlines are, and the savings, in theory, will get passed on to users. The end goal for employees at DIA is to serve the traveling public. They are not trying to make a profit so much as raise only the money necessary to serve the public effectively and efficiently. Every dollar misspent on luxury travel accommodations is a dollar that could remain with an airline or with a passenger. These dollars are not fungible.

CBS Colorado reporter Brian Maass did good work tracking down the public records that showed the cost of these flights, and we are glad someone reported the expenses directly to Denver’s Ethics Commission for review.

But we don’t want the decision that the lavish spending did not violate the city’s ethics policy to muddy the waters.

This behavior is not acceptable for our public officials.

We understand that travel is a business perk often used to entice high-level employees to a company, like the chief operating officer who took the most expensive flight on this trip to Madrid for the Annual Passenger Terminal Expo. But there has got to be a limit on the perk, and clearly the city’s travel policy – that costs be “reasonable” – is not strong enough. It is apparent to all Coloradans that an almost $20,000 flight is not reasonable. In fact, we would call that price – prohibitive. The answer should have been “no” to those flights and the city’s policy can be updated so that if the price of travel is astronomically high, either alternatives are sought or the trip is canceled.

While the Denver Ethics Commission adhered to the letter of the ethics policy, we do not want Denver officials – even those in externally funded enterprise ventures – to believe these flights were acceptable expenditures. Clearly, officials at Denver International Airport need to have a cap applied to their travel expenses, and we are guessing officials in other cities and counties in Colorado would benefit from this warning as well. Be prudent with our dollars, or expect dogged journalists such as Maass to expose your lavish travel.

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Archbishop Samuel J. Aquila has an incredible opportunity to recommit to serving all of God’s children in the Catholic schools under the umbrella of the Archdiocese of Denver.

On Oct. 1, a federal appeals court told two Catholic preschools in the Denver diocese that they could not refuse to enroll students because of the students’ sexuality or the sexuality of their parents and still receive state funding.

The ruling is in accordance with long-standing practices – churches can either accept state and federal funding for their education programs or they can discriminate based on sexual orientation, race, disability, military status, gender identity or religion. Private schools cannot do both.

Aquila can choose to appeal the ruling, or he could choose to pull Catholic schools from Colorado’s highly successful universal free preschool program.

But the gracious and kind path forward is to begin enrolling any and every student who seeks admission to a Catholic preschool until the school reaches capacity.

We’d like to remind Aquila and the leaders of St. Mary Catholic Virtue School in Littleton and Wellspring Catholic Academy in Lakewood that every student has a right to an education in this state, and if state dollars are being used in a program, it must be open to everyone. We’d also like to remind them that the love that happens in a student’s home has no impact on other members of the church or other students in the classroom.

In the rare event that a preschool student is already expressing their sexuality or their gender identity in public, those topics rarely, if ever, come up in a preschool setting. If they do, adult teachers are adept at redirecting the conversation to something that is more age-appropriate. Or if the teachers feel compelled to express their religious beliefs on the issue, they are free to do so in a private school, and the parents can then decide if that is the right environment for their child.

We do not buy the accusation in the lawsuit that the universal preschool program is an attack on religious education. In fact, the beauty of the universal preschool program is that it includes religious schools, opening the doors of some of the best schools in the state to low-income and middle-class Coloradans who couldn’t otherwise afford tuition.

We are grateful that Catholic schools want to participate in the state-funded program that covers tuition for a limited number of hours per student. The state will be better for having these excellent schools open to everyone, and we know that some private preschools have chosen not to participate in a program that can be complicated and messy, especially in the chaotic first year of implementation.

In their ruling, the federal judges on the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals found that Colorado’s program “went to great effort to be welcoming and inclusive of faith-based preschools’ participation.”

Colorado’s preschool program does not prohibit schools from teaching religion in their classrooms, which could mean a teacher telling a student that the teacher believes their parents are living a life out of accordance with the teachings in the Bible.

The state learned an important lesson after losing an anti-discrimination case before the U.S. Supreme Court because the justices found evidence that a Christian man had faced hostility based on his religion. Colorado cannot be so zealous in its effort to prevent discrimination that it also discriminates based on religion. A balance must be met, and the universal preschool program has found that balance.

Study after study has shown that American children benefit extraordinarily from quality preschool. Unfortunately, very few states have included pre-school funding in their public schools. Colorado’s universal preschool system, funded by a tax on nicotine products, is groundbreaking and should help our students compete on an international level. Universal free preschool is also essential to help end the stubborn gap in learning that exists between rich and poor students in America.

Catholic schools in this state can step up in an important way to love and educate all children.

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Preschoolers with LGBTQ parents or who identify as LGBTQ can’t be shut out of religious preschools that are part of Colorado’s state-funded preschool program, a federal appeals court ruled Tuesday.

The decision, which upholds a key part of a lower court decision, represents a major win for the state and a defeat for the two Denver-area Catholic preschools at the center of the case.

Tuesday’s decision provides the latest answer to a question being asked in several cases percolating in state and federal courts: Can private religious schools that accept public education dollars refuse to enroll certain kids based on religious principles?

Along with the 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, a Maine federal district court and a Utah state court are among those who have said no.

It’s possible the U.S. Supreme Court could eventually weigh in, though it’s not clear which case will advance to the high court.

In its 54-page ruling, the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals wrote that it found no proof that the Colorado Department of Early Childhood took actions that “evidence religious hostility” as the two Catholic preschools claimed.

The state’s universal preschool program “went to great effort to be welcoming and inclusive of faith-based preschools’ participation,” the decision said.

The three-judge panel also found that the early childhood department, which runs the preschool program, had applied the state’s nondiscrimination policy in a neutral way to both religious and non-religious preschools.

The policy bars preschools in the universal preschool program from discriminating based on a variety of factors, including sexual orientation and gender identity. State officials cited the policy in denying the Catholic preschools a waiver that would have allowed them to keep LGBTQ children or children from LGBTQ families from enrolling if the preschools had joined the state-funded preschool program.

In a statement Tuesday, Gov. Jared Polis said, “We are building a Colorado for all, where every student is free from discrimination and this voter-approved initiative continues to enroll approximately 70% of all eligible four-year-olds each school year and many faith based and secular providers are operating terrific preschools that serve parents and children well.”

Tuesday’s ruling essentially upholds the status quo in the universal preschool program, meaning that participating preschools can’t shut out LGBTQ children or children with LGBTQ parents.

The three appeals court judges who ruled Tuesday were Gregory Phillips, Veronica Rossman, and Richard Federico. Phillips was appointed by President Barack Obama, and Rossman and Federico were appointed by President Joe Biden.

Nick Reaves, senior counsel at The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, which is representing the Catholic preschools in the case, sent Chalkbeat a short statement about the ruling.

“Colorado is punishing religious schools and the families they serve for following their faith. The Tenth Circuit’s decision allows the state’s anti-religious gamesmanship to continue. We will keep fighting to ensure that every preschooler in Colorado can access quality, affordable education.”

Conflict arose as state preschool program rolled out

The Colorado case began in 2023 as the state was launching its new universal preschool program, which provides tuition-free preschool to 4-year-olds statewide. The $349 million program serves more than 40,000 children and allows families to choose from public, private, or religious preschools.

Of more than 2,000 preschools participating in the program this year, about 40 are religious.

St. Mary Catholic Virtue School in Littleton and Wellspring Catholic Academy in Lakewood wanted to join the program when it started, but didn’t want to admit LGBTQ children or children from LGBTQ families.

They asked for an exemption from state rules banning discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, but the Colorado Department of Early Childhood refused. The two preschools never joined the program, and in August 2023, the parishes that ran the preschools sued the state. (Wellspring Catholic Academy closed in December 2024.)

In June 2024, a federal district court judge appointed by President Jimmy Carter largely ruled in the state’s favor.

He wrote of Colorado’s non-discrimination rules: “The purpose of the requirement is not to invade religious freedom but to further the implementation of a strongly embraced public value.”

The parishes quickly appealed.

Unfolding alongside the Catholic preschool case is a separate lawsuit over universal preschool brought by an evangelical Christian preschool in southern Colorado. Unlike the Catholic preschools, that school, Darren Patterson Christian Academy, joined the universal preschool program when it launched.

While officials there never sought to keep LGBTQ children or families out, their lawsuit said state non-discrimination rules could force the preschool to hire employees who don’t share its faith or to change school policies related to restrooms, pronouns, and dress codes.

In February, a federal judge appointed by Donald Trump ruled in favor of Darren Patterson Christian Academy.

The state appealed the ruling in May. The case is ongoing.

This story was originally published by Chalkbeat Colorado, a nonprofit news organization covering education issues. For more, visit chalkbeat.org/co.

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Denverites should keep one thing in mind at the ballot box this November – Denver Public Schools has some of the very best schools in the state and also some of the very worst schools in the state.

Testing data released this month highlighted many bright schools in the district, and Superintendent Alex Marrero should be very proud that the district’s students are catching up to their pre-pandemic peers.

However, the data also made something else starkly clear: School choice has never been more important for our children’s educational opportunities. Two schools only miles apart can have dramatically different outcomes for students who enter a classroom at the same level. Because school districts have started measuring and emphasizing growth, we now know where student growth in math and reading excels and where it is stagnant.

There are some candidates running for the Denver Board of Education who would rather see the district’s world-class lottery system go away. Or even if they want to keep the lottery, they want to keep the best schools in Denver a secret by making student growth data difficult to find and even harder to analyze.

We must protect and expand Denver’s universal lottery system for school enrollment. The lottery is not perfect but it is far better than the alternative – students locked out of attending top-performing schools by difficult-to-navigate enrollment procedures that vary school to school.

This November voters will have a critical choice to make – do they support Denver’s lottery system, where any student can attend any school they want with one easy form, or do they want a student’s academic quality to be determined by their home address?

We’re afraid the two dark-money groups attempting to buy this election aren’t asking that question. Instead, they are focused on whether candidates support charter schools or district-run schools, and whether or not the candidate is supportive of the Denver Classroom Teachers Association — a union — or not.

The problem is that the ideal candidate will be independent enough to buck the union when it is wrong, and strong enough to stand up to failing charter schools and demand accountability. In short, the endorsement of either group – the Denver Classroom Teacher Association’s Action and the Denver Families Action – is a dark mark on a candidate’s résumé.

We need candidates who will demand that the district present every school’s student growth data on their website – regardless of whether it’s a charter school or a district-run school.

We need candidates who will support and expand the school choice lottery so that it is more equitable.

We need candidates who will wrap neighborhood schools in services and funding to ensure that students who don’t have access to transportation to exercise choice get the very best education possible, even if their school is not seeing the same student-growth results as peer schools.

We need candidates who will find ways to provide transportation to students using school choice.

We need candidates who will not squabble with the district’s excellent charter schools but will partner with them to expand their success.

We need candidates who will return autonomy to innovation schools and find other creative ways to break the mold of underperformance.

And finally, we need candidates who will end the cycle of embarrassment where personal grievances, unprofessional behavior, and mistreatment of district staff only distract from the important work.

Let’s reframe this election and make it about things that matter this school year to every single student. School choice enrollment begins and ends early this year on Dec. 2 and Jan. 20, 2026. With the election leading up to the lottery, every candidate must tell voters where they stand on the issue.

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The tragedy at Evergreen High School reminds us that even this country’s most idyllic communities — from our mountain towns to the quaint cities on the plains — must prepare for violence in their schools. School shootings have never been only an inner-city problem, and to believe otherwise is to ignore Colorado’s tragic history.

We were dismayed to learn that security at Evergreen High School may not have been a priority because of the school’s location about an hour west of Denver in the forested foothills of Jefferson County.

Mental illness and radicalization can occur anywhere, especially in a society connected seamlessly online to every type of content imaginable.

Every school in this state needs a dedicated resource officer who can respond immediately to a threat on campus.

Seconds matter in a shooting, and two students from Evergreen High School are in the hospital fighting for their lives. Jefferson County Sheriff’s Deputies responded quickly to the shooting but even that was unable to prevent tragedy.

The evening before the shooting at Evergreen High School, the school’s principal told concerned parents that a school resource officer had been “deprioritized” for Jefferson County’s mountain schools. The school’s full-time deputy was on medical leave, and the contract with the Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office has a deputy on campus “as staffing allows.” At the time of the shooting, the officer assigned to the campus was responding to a call off campus.

Every Colorado school needs an armed officer on campus during school hours. We are glad the Jefferson County School District will increase security before students return, and a similar plan should be put in place at every school in the state.

School violence has struck a charter school in the suburban community of Highlands Ranch where a road is now named for the hero — Kendrick Castillo — who saved his classmates but died. A few miles north at Arapahoe County High School in Littleton, Claire Davis was shot and killed by one of her classmates. Two teachers were shot and injured in the middle of Denver at East High School, and another student was shot and killed in the school’s parking lot a few weeks earlier.

But small towns, rural communities and the mountains are not immune. In 2006, a gunman took students hostage at Platte Canyon High School in Bailey, about a half-hour drive from Evergreen on twisting mountain roads. Emily Keyes was shot and killed.

We understand having law enforcement in every school in this state is a challenge financially and logistically, but in the face of yet another school shooting, we don’t see another option.

Americans can no longer be complacent. Our schools are not safe, and while locking down Evergreen quickly undoubtedly saved lives, we know that having a trained police officer on campus reduces the response time to seconds.

The teenager who shot two classmates and then killed himself last week had been active online in what experts describe as a new nihilism — the belief that life is meaningless — combined with a twisted desire to destroy society.

The teen’s social media accounts contained antisemitic and white supremacist posts and glorified other school shooters. According to the Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office, the teen had been “radicalized through an extremist network.”

The only response is to harden our schools and protect as many students as possible. Of course, statistically, it is still unlikely that a student will be harmed in an act of violence on campus. The riskiest part of a student’s day is still apt to be their drive home.

But just as we require our children to ride in car seats, wear seatbelts and often buy them their first cars with airbags and other safety features, so too must we make schools as safe as possible.

We pray the victims of this shooting — 18-year-old Matthew Silverstone, and a second student who has not been identified at the behest of his family — survive and thrive.

And we pray that the next time someone targets our schools with violence that they are met by a show of force from law enforcement that protects innocent life.

No place is immune from school violence, a lesson we thought Colorado learned long ago when 12 students and a teacher were killed at Columbine High School.

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